Non-stationarity and cross-correlation effects in the MHD solar activity

The analysis of turbulent processes in sunspots and pores which are self-organizing long-lived magnetic structures is a complicated and not yet solved problem. The present work focuses on studying such magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) formations on the basis of flicker-noise spectroscopy using a new method of multi-parametric analysis. The non-stationarity and cross-correlation effects taking place in solar activity dynamics are considered. The calculated maximum values of non-stationarity factor may become precursors of significant restructuring in solar magnetic activity. The introduced cross-correlation functions enable us to judge synchronization effects between the signals of various solar activity indicators registered simultaneously.     

场协同原理在高超声速化学非平衡流动中的推广

应用理论分析与数值模拟方法，将对流传热的场协同原理从不可压缩流动推广至高超声速化学非平衡流动中。结果表明，高超声速化学非平衡层流与湍流的热流密度取决于流动的当地单位体积的动量与单位质量总焓梯度的协同。用当地单位体积的动量与单位质量总焓梯度的协同研究高超声速化学非平衡流动的壁面传热问题，对层流流动下的对流传热，不但计及了高超声速化学非平衡流的密度变化对热流密度的影响，而且包括了静焓梯度、压力梯度、边界层内的分子黏性剪切效应对热流密度的作用；对湍流问题，除了上述层流流动各项对热流密度的影响外，还计及了雷诺剪切应力对热流密度的作用。考虑到高超声速化学非平衡流静焓的定义，高超声速化学非平衡层流及湍流的场协同同时计及所有组分的平动能、转动能、振动能及电子能等梯度的贡献。     

SMOS与Aquarius卫星海表盐度测量方法及数据的对比分析

国际上发射的海表盐度遥感卫星主要有2颗:欧洲的SMOS和美国的Aquarius卫星,为给后续海表盐度遥感提供参考借鉴,对比分析了这2颗卫星的遥感器载荷、数据处理算法和盐度数据。遥感器载荷方面,SMOS采用L波段二维综合孔径辐射计,而Aquarius采用L波段实孔径辐射计加散射计;数据处理算法方面,分析了二者在介电常数模型、海面粗糙度校正以及反演算法方面的差异;盐度数据方面,分析了SMOS与Aquarius盐度数据之间的相关程度,并分别与ISAS(In Situ Analysis System)浮标盐度数据作对比,分析了2颗卫星的盐度数据精度。将2颗卫星的盐度遥感数据与ISAS浮标盐度数据对比发现,在全球范围内,Aquarius盐度测量精度优于SMOS;但在开阔海域,SMOS盐度测量精度优于Aquarius;而在近海岸区域,均出现较大的误差,且SMOS数据误差更大。     

Development and performance evaluation of tropospheric scintillation model on Ku-band satellite link over Akure,Nigeria

Existing amplitude scintillation prediction models often perform less satisfactorily when deployed outside the regions where they were formulated. This necessitates the need to evaluate the performance of scintillation models developed in one region using data data from other regions while documenting their relative errors. Due to its variation with elevation angle, frequency, other link parameters and meteorological factors, we employed three years (January 2016 to December 2018) of concurrently measured satellite radio beacons and tropospheric weather parameters to develop a location-based amplitude scintillation prediction model over the Earth-space path of Akure (7.17^oN, 5.18^oE), South-western Nigeria. The satellite beacon measurement used Tektronix Y400 NetTek Analyzer at 1 s integration time while meteorological parameters, namely; temperature, pressure and relative humidity were measured using Davis Vantage Vue weather station at 1 min integration time. Comparative study of the model’s performance with nine (9) existing scintillation prediction models indicates that the best and worst performing models, in terms of root mean square error (RMSE), are the Statistical Temperature and Refractivity (STN) and direct physical and statistical prediction (DPSP) models with values 11.48 and 51.03 respectively. Also, worst month analysis indicates that April, with respective enhancement and fade values of 0.88 and 0.90 dB for 0.01% exceedance, is the overall worst calendar month for amplitude scintillation.     

超大口径环形天线包带展开过程动力学仿真

中间柔性包带是环形可展开天线的重要组成部分。中间包带拔销器解锁后，复材包带与环形桁架同步展开。因复材包带柔性较强，它会绕根部固定端进行回弹，因此展开过程存在金属接头和桁架上复材薄壁管件碰撞风险。随着天线口径增大，该风险会持续增大。基于柔性多体动力学理论对超大型口径环形可展开天线包带展开过程进行动力学建模仿真，并在此基础上分析得出包带展开过程金属接头到环形桁架最小距离主要和复材包带阻尼率以及桁架预展速度相关。通过进一步研究发现：复材包带阻尼率越高，展开过程金属接头到环形桁架最小距离越大；桁架预展速度越快，展开过程金属接头到环形桁架最小距离越小。此外，对逆止回弹机构失效这一在轨极端条件下包带展开过程进行建模仿真，分析得出包带在该条件下展开过程金属接头到环形桁架最小距离变化规律。该研究可为超大口径环形天线结构优化设计及包带在轨展开预示提供依据。     

基于变刚度变阻尼的柔性喷管动态模型

针对柔性接头动态迟滞曲线受控制系统控制位置精度和动态响应速度影响较大的问题,基于电液伺服机构和柔性接头变刚度变阻尼模型,构建了柔性喷管的电液伺服机构-变刚度变阻尼模型,将其和电液伺服机构-定刚度定阻尼模型进行了对比。分析了电液伺服机构主要参数、柔性接头工作参数等对电液伺服机构-柔性接头系统动态特性的影响。分析结果表明:电液伺服机构-变刚度变阻尼模型所构造的迟滞曲线可更准确地与实验结果相吻合,并符合迟滞曲线随频率变化的规律,反馈系数、放大器静态放大系数、电液伺服机构增益、滑阀流量增益等参数对系统动态特性的影响更为明显。该模型为固体火箭发动机电液伺服机构-柔性接头系统动态特性的调整提供理论依据。     

高效能源系统管理与控制技术

能源系统是飞行器的关键技术之一,能源系统性能的优劣对飞行器能否正常飞行及实现预定任务有重要影响。本文针对大功率飞行器对分布式循环能源系统的管理需求,开展高效能源系统管理与控制技术研究,提出一种集逐级调压控制、限流充电控制、恒流输出控制以及最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)控制为一体的层级梯次控制策略,实现分布式系统的全局优化控制和飞行器能源的功率优化调度。研制的能源管理系统(PCU)配备1条234～328 V高压母线,额定功率15 kW,电路效率大于97%,功率密度大于750 W/kg。PCU依托分布式架构,采用层级梯次控制策略,验证了高效能源系统管理与控制技术的正确性和有效性。     

大跨时空任务背景下的太阳能无人机任务规划技术研究进展

通过任务规划技术合理的优化太阳能无人机的飞行轨迹和动力学参数，能够有效提高太阳能无人机的能量利用率，使其胜任许多大范围跨时间跨空间飞行任务。从能量建模、续航评估和能量管理策略3个方面对大跨时空任务背景下太阳能无人机任务规划技术的研究进展进行了综述。在能量建模方面，介绍了当前主流的太阳辐射模型和能量生产基本框架；在续航评估方面，分析了目前的指标设计和应用方法；在能量管理策略方面，从能量综合应用、风力滑翔机制、轨迹优化方法和面向特定任务的应用4个角度，梳理了当前的研究现状。最后，对该领域未来可能的研究方向进行了展望。     

2021 Turkey mega forest Fires: Biodiversity measurements of the IUCN Red List wildlife mammals in Sentinel-2 based burned areas

Mega wildfires are one of the environmental disasters worldwide. This study evaluates the pre-fire species diversity and the indirect effects, including habitat loss for one of the largest wildfires in Manavgat (Antalya-Turkey) in 2021, with a two-step methodology. Here, (1) burnt areas in the Manavgat district (2021) were detected with remote sensing data from Sentinel-2A by delta Normalized Burn Ratio calculation for a selected area in Google Earth Engine, and (2) mammals' habitat vector data of International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List were integrated into Habitat and Biodiversity modelling of Terrset to analyze the alpha, beta, gamma diversity and Range Restriction Index for the wildfire region. In the total 4210 km² study area, 696 km² of the area was damaged by different fire severity; also, there were 56 mammal species' habitats here. These species include bats (i.e. Nyctalus leisleri), felids (i.e. Felis chaus), rodents (i.e. Rattus norvegicus) and large mammals (i.e. Ursus arctos). 88 % of these species are in IUCN's Least Concern category. The remaining classes are Near Threatened (3.7 %) and Vulnerable (7.4 %). This study also indicated that the burnt area's species richness does not totally consist of endemic species. Therefore, pre-fire species richness analyses of this study can be a base for further studies about the species' post-fire activity and occupancy.Furthermore, the 2021 mega wildfires show us the necessity of wildfire monitoring and risk studies in the entire Mediterranean ecosystem to evaluate the risks to the Sustainable Development Goals. Therefore, post-fire spatial data, fire migration monitorization, and recording of the species' activities should be performed temporally. In this way, the ability of wildlife's recovering, and the direct and indirect effects of the fire will be examined for ecosystems in the long term.